From John Ray's shorter notes
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April 30, 2017
Racism -- in the Leftist sense -- is normal
In Leftist usage, "racist" is a very rubbery term. Any mention of race can cause that mention to be categorized as racist. And consciousness of racial differences is an abomination to the Left. One would hope that the term were used to describe only those people who propose some sort of adverse discrimination against others solely because of their race but that is clearly not to be.
But it has been known in the psychology textbooks for many decades that some sort of consciousness of one's own group and loyalty to it is in fact just about universal. For instance, Brown in his 1986 introductory social psychology textbook also describes ethnocentrism, racism and their associated phenomena as "universal ineradicable psychological processes".
So Leftist usage flies in the face of psychological reality. We are ALL racists in the Leftist sense, Leftists themselves included. The Left are in fact obsessed with race, as their incessant campaigning for "affirmative action" shows.
So it is pleasing to see the latest bit of research that shows we get on best with members of our own group. See below:
Identity and Bias: Insights from Driving Tests
By Revital Bar and Asaf Zussman
Abstract
How does one's identity affect the evaluation of others? To shed light on this question, we analyze the universe of driving tests conducted in Israel during 2006-2015, leveraging the effectively random assignment of students and testers to tests. We find strong and robust evidence of both ethnic (Arab/Jewish) in-group bias and gender out-group bias: a student is 15 percent more (or less) likely to pass a test when assigned a tester from the same ethnicity (gender). We show that these patterns are consistent with a utility-based interpretation, along the lines of Becker's (1957) taste-based discrimination model.
SOURCE
REFERENCE: Brown, R.(1986) Social psychology (2nd. Ed.) N.Y.: Free Press.
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